@Audiobellum said:
Does language shape our perception of reality?
Only at the point when communication is necessary. When I see a book fall off of a shelf, my brain recognizes what happened without the need for English. Seeing objects fall was something my ancestors had to deal with, even back when the height of their ability to communicate was, "I'm ready for sex."
There are a lot of events and impulses that every vertebrate's brain can deal with, without any sort of communication skill. I seem to recall that some neuroscientists do research on what observations touch the linguistic regions of the brain -- the upshot being that some don't require that sort of processing.
On the other hand, when I try to explain, to someone else in the house, what that thump was, I switch automatically to thinking in English. I can tell there's a significant switch in my mode of thought, because I may have trouble relaying what I saw, specifically because I'm now having to convert perception to words.
When I get up to pick the book up, I don't have to use language. It may not even occur to me to that I'm thinking about what I'm doing, but I am.
Think about the last time you had to describe what the sky looked like at sunset, without taking time to rehearse the conversation. Did it take you several attempts to get it right? Did you come away thinking, "That still doesn't really capture it"? But you didn't have any difficulty appreciating it before you started talking.
Then again, if I'm trying to imagine what someone else is thinking, I use English in my mind. If I'm trying to plan some sequence of complicated actions, I use English. If I'm trying to appreciate something beyond the range of my evolution, like quantum mechanics, I have to use English at the very least (and I'd be better off with math).
Complex thoughts may require language, and looking deeper than what you can actually see or hear may, but language doesn't always affect us. Although there are differences between cultures, the most important human behaviors are universal -- if language was a major issue, how could that be?
I've met people on five continents (still haven't made it to Australia or Antarctica, but who counts them? :) ), and what struck me the most was how much we're all alike, despite our differences.