For what it's worth, I solved my problem a different way. I used a tool script inheriting from Resource as a property in a scene, used that to load the data into exported object properties, and then just saved the scene with the Resource embedded. This isn't exactly what I wanted, and involved a few more steps and objects each time I want to use this technique, but it does basically solve my current problem.
However, I'm still interested in how PackedDataContainer is meant to be used, as it seems like you can get data in (with pack()) but there isn't an obvious way to get the data back out (e.g. converting the data field back into a Variant).
EDIT: "PackedDataContainer"