I'm not sure you can get the location of the code that called the print function in GDScript. You can user a helper function to convert the two variables though, making it at least a little more short-hand like (untested):
func convert_two_variables_to_string(var_a, var_b):
return str(var_a) + " " + str(var_b)
# then you can use it like:
print_debug(10, "ten")
Another thing you can do, is manually pass the location of the code in the function you use to print the message, but I'm not sure it would really be any shorter.