I had a hopefully similar-enough issue in 2D:
In my 2D game, the 2D skeletons were visible on my computer but not my phone.
Until I switched from GLES2 to GLES3: Then the game worked as intended.
This might be a very poor suggestion since the 2D engine is completely different from 3D,
and the problem I encountered with player animations in 2D is different from your problem with player animations in 3D,
but it's the only suggestion I have.